Yemen's flora is very rich. Recent study (Al Khulaidi, 2012) identified a large number of species. Total plant species is about 2836 species, belongs to 1065 genera and 179 families, (2679 naturalized, 126 cultivated and 109 introduced). For more detail information see the table.
Yemen is rich in endemic and near endemic plants, with estimated to be 604, in which 455 are endemic ( 307 in Soqotra ). Constituting some 16% of the flora which does not occur elsewhere.
The flora of Yemen is a mixture of the tropical African, Sudanian plant geographical region (Paleotropical origin) and the Saharo-Sindian or Saharo-Arabian region (Holarctic origin) with very few of Irano-Turanian.and Mediterranean regions. Most of Yemen’s flora belong to Sudanian regin (Eritreo-Arabian province of Sudanian region, Zohary, 1973) or (Somalia-Masai region center of endemism, white, 1983). The Sudanian element dominates the western mountains and parts of the high land plains which is characteristic by relatively high rain fall. The Saharo-Arabian element dominates in the coastal plains, eastern mountain and the eastern and northern desert plains.
The most important families regarding to the number of plant species are:
من أهم الفصائل النباتية في اليمن من حيث احتوائها على العدد الأكبر من النباتات
Family |
no. |
POACEAE (GRAMINEA) |
322 |
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) |
216 |
FABACEAE ( PAPILIONACEAE) |
205 |
APOCYNACEAE |
131 |
EUPHORBIACEAE |
106 |
ACANTHACEAE |
100 |
The most important families regarding to the number of endemic are:
من أهم الفصائل النباتية من حيث احتوائها على العدد الأكبر من النباتات المتوطنة :-
Family الفصيلة |
النباتات المتوطنة endemic |
APOCYNACEAE |
46 |
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) |
45 |
EUPHORBIACEAE |
30 |
ACANTHACEAE |
28 |
BORAGINACEAE |
24 |
FABACEAE ( PAPILIONACEAE) |
24 |
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) |
23 |
ALOEACEAE |
17 |
RUBIACEAE |
16 |
SCROPHULARIACEAE |
16 |
POACEAE (GRAMINEA) |
15 |
CARYOPHYLLACEAE |
13 |
MALVACEAE |
12 |
BURSERACEAE |
11 |
CONVOLVULACEAE |
11 |
الفصيلة |
النوع |
الجنس |
طبيعي |
مزروع |
مدخل |
متوطن |
شبه متوطن |
Family |
species |
|
|
|
|
* |
** |
1. ACANTHACEAE |
100 |
28 |
98 |
|
2 |
28(24) |
7 |
2. ACTINIOPTERIDACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3. ADIANTACEAE |
17 |
7 |
17 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4. AGAVACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
5. AIZOACEAE |
20 |
12 |
20 |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
6. ALOEACEAE |
33 |
1 |
33 |
- |
- |
17(3) |
13 |
7. AMARANTHACEAE |
32 |
10 |
30 |
|
2 |
4(3) |
1 |
8. AMARYLIDACEAE |
9 |
5 |
8 |
|
1 |
1(1) |
1 |
9. ANACARDIACEAE |
16 |
7 |
13 |
2 |
1 |
2(2) |
1 |
10. ANNONACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
11. ANTHERICACAEA |
4 |
2 |
|
|
|
1(1) |
|
12. APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) |
35 |
26 |
30 |
5 |
- |
8(4) |
2 |
13. APOCYNACEAE |
131 |
51 |
127 |
- |
4 |
45(18) |
15 |
14. ARACEAE |
5 |
4 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
15. ARALIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
16. ARECACEAE (PALMAE) |
11 |
9 |
8 |
3 |
1 |
- |
- |
17. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE |
2 |
2 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
18. ASPARAGACEAE |
5 |
1 |
4 |
|
1 |
|
|
19. ASPHODELACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
20. ASPLENIACEAE |
11 |
2 |
11 |
- |
- |
1(1) |
- |
21. ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) |
216 |
86 |
193 |
13 |
10 |
45(25) |
21 |
22. AVICENNIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
23. BAISAMINACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
24. BARBEYACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
25. BALANITACEAE |
2 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
26. BASELLACEAE |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
27. BEGONIACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
- |
- |
2(2) |
- |
28. BERBERIDACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
29. BIGNONIACEAE |
6 |
6 |
2 |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
30. BOMBACEAE |
2 |
2 |
1 |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
31. BORAGINACEAE |
82 |
17 |
83 |
- |
- |
24(16) |
6 |
32. BRASSICACEAE |
55 |
28 |
47 |
6 |
|
9(4) |
3 |
33. BURSERACEAE |
23 |
2 |
23 |
|
|
11(11) |
|
34. BUXACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
35. CACTACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
36. CAMPANULACEA |
6 |
2 |
6 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
37. CANNABACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
38. CANNACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
39. CAESALPINIACEAE |
33 |
12 |
27 |
|
6 |
1(1) |
|
40. CAPPARACEAE |
21 |
6 |
21 |
|
|
1(1) |
2 |
41. CARYOPHYLLACEAE |
61 |
23 |
60 |
1 |
|
13(9) |
7 |
42. CASUARINACEAE |
3 |
1 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
43. CELASTRACEAE |
7 |
2 |
6 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
44. CERATOPHYLLACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
45. CHENOPODIACEAE |
37 |
16 |
35 |
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
46. CISTACEAE |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
2 |
47. CLEOMACEAE |
19 |
1 |
19 |
|
|
1(1) |
4 |
48. C OLCHICACEAE |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
49. COMBRETACEAE |
7 |
4 |
6 |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
50. COMMELINACEAE |
18 |
3 |
18 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
51. CONVOLVULACEAE |
50 |
12 |
46 |
1 |
3 |
11(8) |
|
52. CRASSULACEAE |
18 |
6 |
18 |
|
|
5(2) |
1 |
53. CUCURBITACEAE |
33 |
15 |
26 |
7 |
|
3(2) |
|
54. CUPRESSACEAE |
4 |
3 |
1 |
|
3 |
|
|
55. CUSCUTACEAE |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
56. CYCLOCHEILACEAE |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
57. CYMODOCEACEAE |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
58. CYPERACEAE |
74 |
17 |
74 |
|
|
2 |
|
59. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
60. DIOSCOREACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
61. DIPSACACEAE |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
62. DIRACHMACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
63. DRACAENACEAE |
5 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
|
1(1) |
|
64. DRYOPTERIDACEAE |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
65. EBENACEAE |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
66. ELAEAGNACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
67. EPHEDRACEAE |
4 |
1 |
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
68. EQUISETACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
69. ERICACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
70. Erythroxylaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
1(1) |
|
71. EUPHORBIACEAE |
106 |
17 |
103 |
|
3 |
30(19) |
10 |
72. FABACEAE ( PAPILIONACEAE) |
205 |
62 |
180 |
15 |
8 |
24(11) |
3 |
73. FLACOURTIACEAE |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
74. FRANKENIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
75. FUMARIACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
76. GENTIANACEAE |
11 |
5 |
11 |
|
|
3(2) |
2 |
77. GERANIACEAE |
14 |
4 |
13 |
|
1 |
1(1) |
|
78. GLOBULARIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
79. GOODENIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
80. HALORAGACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
81. HYACINTHACEAE |
10 |
3 |
10 |
|
|
6(6) |
1 |
82. HYDNORACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
83. HYDROCHARITACEAE |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
84. HYPERICACEAE |
7 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
5(5) |
|
85. HYPOXIDACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
86. IRIDACEAE |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
87. JUGLANDACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
88. JUNCACEAE |
9 |
1 |
9 |
|
|
|
1 |
89. LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) |
89 |
23 |
85 |
3 |
1 |
23(13) |
13 |
90. LAURAICEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
91. LEMNACEAE |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
92. LENTIBULARIACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
93. LILIACEAE |
13 |
10 |
9 |
4 |
|
1 |
|
94. LINACEAE |
4 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
95. LOASACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
96. LOGANIACEAE |
4 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
97. LORANTHACEAE |
7 |
5 |
7 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
98. LYTHRACEAE |
7 |
5 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
99. MAGNOLIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
100. MALPIGHIACEAE |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
101. MALVACEAE |
69 |
14 |
60 |
4 |
5 |
12(9) |
|
102. MARSILEACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
103. MELIACEAE |
6 |
4 |
|
|
2 |
1(1) |
|
104. MELIANTHACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
105. MENISPERMACEAE |
5 |
3 |
5 |
|
|
|
1 |
106. MIMOSACEA |
38 |
7 |
26 |
|
12 |
5(2) |
3 |
107. MORACEAE |
17 |
4 |
14 |
2 |
1 |
2(2) |
|
108. MORINGACEAE |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
109. MUSACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
110. MYRICACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
111. MYRSINACEAE |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
112. MYRTACEAE |
12 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
9 |
|
|
113. NAJADACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
114. NEURADACAEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
115. NYCTAGINACEAE |
20 |
5 |
19 |
|
1 |
4(2) |
1 |
116. NYMPHAEACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
117. OCHNACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
118. OLEACEAE |
6 |
2 |
5 |
1 |
|
|
|
119. OLEANDRACEAE |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
120. ONAGRACEAE |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
121. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
122. ORCHIDACEAE |
25 |
9 |
24 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
123. OROBANCHACEAE |
6 |
2 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
124. OXALIDACEAE |
3 |
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
125. PANDANACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
126. PAPAVERACEAE |
4 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
127. PARKERIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
128. PASSIFLORACEAE |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
129. PEDALIACEAE |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
130. PIPERACEAE |
5 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
|
|
|
131. PITTOSPORACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
132. PLANTAGINACEAE |
7 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
133. PLUMBAGINACEAE |
11 |
4 |
10 |
|
1 |
5(4) |
|
134. POACEAE (GRAMINEA) |
322 |
153 |
306 |
13 |
3 |
15(9) |
1 |
135. POLYGALACEAE |
11 |
1 |
11 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
136. POLYGONACEAE |
22 |
7 |
20 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
137. POLYPODIACEAE |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
138. PORTULACACEAE |
10 |
2 |
10 |
|
|
3(3) |
1 |
139. POTAMOGETONACEAE |
6 |
1 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
140. PRIMULACEAE |
8 |
5 |
8 |
|
|
|
|
141. PROTEACEAE |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
142. PSILOTACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
143. PTERIDACEAE |
4 |
1 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
144. PUNICACEAE |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1(1) |
|
145. RANUNCULACEAE |
8 |
5 |
7 |
1 |
|
|
|
146. RESEDACEAE |
13 |
4 |
13 |
|
|
3(2) |
2 |
147. RHAMNACEAE |
11 |
5 |
9 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
148. RHIZOPHORACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
149. ROSACEAE |
17 |
9 |
9 |
7 |
1 |
2 |
|
150. RUBIACEAE |
46 |
21 |
46 |
2 |
|
16(12) |
3 |
151. RUPPIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
152. RUTACEAE |
16 |
5 |
|
7 |
|
1 |
|
153. SALICACEAE |
5 |
2 |
4 |
|
1 |
|
|
154. SALVADORACEAE |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
155. SANTALACEAE |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
156. SAPINDACEAE |
7 |
5 |
6 |
|
1 |
|
|
157. SAPOTACEAE |
7 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
|
3(3) |
|
158. SCROPHULARIACEAE |
73 |
28 |
72 |
|
1 |
12(4) |
6 |
159. SELAGINELLACEAE |
4 |
2 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
160. SIMAROUBACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
161. SOLANACEAE |
39 |
9 |
32 |
7 |
|
4(3) |
2 |
162. STERCULIACEAE |
15 |
7 |
13 |
1 |
1 |
1(1) |
|
163. TAMARICACEAE |
7 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
164. THELYPTERIDACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
165. THYMELIACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
166. TILIACEAE |
15 |
3 |
14 |
1 |
|
5(4) |
|
167. TYPHACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
168. ULMACEAE |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
169. URTICACEAE |
17 |
9 |
17 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
170. VALERIANACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1(1) |
|
171. VELLOZIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
172. VERBENACEAE |
23 |
9 |
20 |
1 |
2 |
6(5) |
|
173. VIOLACEAE |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
174. VISCACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
175. VITACEAE (VITIDACEAE) |
11 |
5 |
10 |
1 |
|
3(3) |
|
176. WOODSIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
177. ZANNICHELLIACEAE |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
178. ZINGIBERACEAE |
2 |
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
179. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE |
34 |
5 |
34 |
|
|
|
1 |
Total |
2836 |
1065 |
2579 |
126 |
109 |
13 |
149 |
The number between bracts is endemic to Soqotra